| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Primitive accumulation of capital ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Primitive accumulation of capital
In Marxist economics and preceding theories,〔Perelman, p.25 (ch. 2 )〕 the problem of primitive accumulation (also called previous accumulation, original accumulation) of capital concerns the origin of capital, and therefore of how class distinctions between possessors and non-possessors came to be.
Adam Smith's account of primitive-original accumulation depicted a peaceful process. David Harvey summarizes Smith's description of the process in the following terms: "There were some people that were hard working and some people who were not. Some people who could be bothered, and some people who could not be bothered. And the result of that was that, bit by bit, those who were hard working, and could be bothered, accumulated some wealth. And eventually, those who could not be bothered, could not accumulate wealth, and in the end, in order to survive, preferred, actually, to give up their labor power as a commodity, in return for a living wage."〔David Harvey, (class 12 ), time range 20:00–22:00〕
David Harvey summarized Karl Marx's description of it: primitive accumulation "entailed taking land, say, enclosing it, and expelling a resident population to create a landless proletariat, and then releasing the land into the privatized mainstream of capital accumulation".〔David Harvey (2005), ch. 4 "Accumulation by Dispossession", pp. 149, 145–6〕
==Naming and translations==
The concept was initially called in different ways, and the expression of an "accumulation" which is at the origin of capitalism, began to appear with Adam Smith.〔Smith 1776, 2.3 (Book Two, ''Of the Nature, Accumulation, and Employment of Stock.'', Introduction) quote: "... the accumulation of stock must, in the nature of things, be previous to the division of labour..."〕 Smith, in his English language ''The Wealth of Nations'' spoke of a ''previous'' accumulation, although he never actually refers to accumulation as previous accumulation in "The Wealth of Nations";〔Karl Marx's ''Capital'', vol I Ch. 26, states "The whole movement, therefore, seems to turn in a vicious circle, out of which we can only get by supposing a primitive accumulation (previous accumulation of Adam Smith) preceding capitalistic accumulation; an accumulation not the result of the capitalistic mode of production, but its starting point." referring to Adam Smith's ''Wealth'', Bk II introduction, "This accumulation must, evidently, be previous to his applying his industry for so long a time to such a peculiar business."〕 Karl Marx, in the German language ''Das Kapital'', reprised Smith's expression, by translating it to German as ''ursprünglich'' ("original, initial"); Marx's translators, in turn, rendered it into to English as ''primitive''.〔 James Steuart, with his 1767 work, is considered by some scholars as the greatest classical theorist of primitive accumulation.〔Perelman, p.170 (ch. 7 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Primitive accumulation of capital」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|